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狀語從句
時(shí)間狀語從句
(1)when,as,while
a)when表示“當(dāng)…時(shí)”。when引出的時(shí)間狀語從句,其中的動(dòng)詞既可以是延續(xù)性動(dòng)作的動(dòng)詞,也可以是瞬間性動(dòng)作動(dòng)詞??梢员硎局骶涞膭?dòng)作和從句的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生,或者從句的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在主句的動(dòng)作之前。
如:When you apply for a job,you must present your credentials.當(dāng)你申請工作時(shí),你必須遞交你的有關(guān)證件。(同時(shí))
When the students heard the teache's footsteps,they all stopped talking. 當(dāng)學(xué)生們聽到老師的腳步聲時(shí),他們都停止了說話。(從句動(dòng)作發(fā)生在前)
when還可以表示just then(正在那時(shí))的意思,此時(shí)其引導(dǎo)的從句只放在主句之后。
如:we were about to start when it began to rain.我們正要?jiǎng)由?,突然下起雨來?/span>
b)while表示“在…期間”或“在某一段時(shí)間里”,其所引導(dǎo)的從句的動(dòng)作是延續(xù)性的,并側(cè)重表示和主句動(dòng)作的同時(shí)發(fā)生。
如:While the teacher paraphrased the text in English,the students listened attentively and took notes.當(dāng)老師用英語闡釋課文時(shí),同學(xué)們注意地聽并且做著筆記。
The door bell rang while I was watching TV.我正在看電視的時(shí)候門鈴響了。
while 還可以做并列連詞,相當(dāng)于whereas,連接一個(gè)表示對比的并列分句。
如:Mary was dressed in blue while Jane was dressed in red.瑪麗穿藍(lán)色的衣服,而珍妮穿紅色的衣服。
c)as 表示“當(dāng)…時(shí)”或“一邊…一邊”。他引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句的動(dòng)作也是延續(xù)性的,并且側(cè)重主句動(dòng)作和從句動(dòng)作的同時(shí)發(fā)生。
如:As the students walked to their dorms,they sang happily.學(xué)生們一邊往宿舍走,一邊快樂的唱著歌。
(2)whenever,each time,every time任何時(shí)候;每當(dāng)
如:Whenever/Every time/Each time I met her,she was studying.我每次看見她時(shí),她總是在學(xué)習(xí)。
(3)since(自從),ever since(從那時(shí)起一直到現(xiàn)在)
since,ever since 引導(dǎo)的從句通常用一般過去時(shí),主句中的謂語動(dòng)詞用完成時(shí)。
如:We have never met since we graduated from the college.我們自從大學(xué)畢業(yè)后就沒有見過面。
(4)before(在……之前),after(在……之后)
before 引導(dǎo)的從句一般表示主句的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在從句動(dòng)作之前,如從句是過去時(shí),主句一般要用過去完成時(shí)。after引導(dǎo)的從句,表示主句的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在從句的動(dòng)作之后,如主句是過去時(shí),從句一般用過去完成時(shí)。
如:I had written my dissertation before my supervisor went abroad.在導(dǎo)師出國之前,我已完成了我的學(xué)位論文。
After the boy had finished his homework,he played football with his friends.這個(gè)小男孩在完成作業(yè)后,和他的小伙伴們踢了一會(huì)球。
(5)till, until
如果主句的謂語動(dòng)詞是延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞,就常用肯定式表示“直到……為止”
如:He will remain in college until(till)he finished his Ph.D course.他將留在學(xué)校里面直到完成他的博士學(xué)位課程。
如果主句的謂語動(dòng)詞是瞬間動(dòng)詞,就常用否定表示“直到……才”
如:I will not go with you until(till)I finish my homework.等我做完作業(yè)我才和你一起去。
(6)as soon as,immediately,directly,once,the moment,no sooner…than,hardly…when等引導(dǎo)的從句都表示從句的動(dòng)作一發(fā)生,主句的動(dòng)作隨即就發(fā)生了。即“一……就”。
如:As soon as we got home,the telephone rang.我們一到家,電話就響了。
注:no sooner…than, hardly…when引導(dǎo)的從句,主句中的動(dòng)詞用過去完成時(shí),從句用過去時(shí)。且no sooner, hardly位于句首,要倒裝主句的主謂。
He had no sooner arrived home than he was asked to start on another journey.他一到家,就又要出另一次差。
No sooner had he arrived home than he was asked to start on another jouney.
地點(diǎn)狀語從句
引導(dǎo)地點(diǎn)狀語從句的連詞有:where (在……地方),wherever (無論哪里),everywhere (到處),anywhere (任何地方)等。
如:Where there is a will,there is a way. 有志者事竟成。
You can go wherever you like these days.這些天你可以去你想去的地方。
原因狀語從句
(1)because表示人們不知道的直接的原因或理由,著重點(diǎn)在從句,即because引出的從句為全句句意的中心所在。通常用于回答why提出的疑問,語氣最強(qiáng),除了特別強(qiáng)調(diào)外,該從句一般位于主句后面。
since表示對方已知的、無須加以說明的既成事實(shí)的理由。全句的中心在主句上,語氣比because弱,譯為“既然”。引出的狀語從句一般放在句首。
as表示十分明顯的原因,一般說明因果關(guān)系,著重點(diǎn)在主句,語氣更弱,常譯為“由于”。引出的狀語從句一般放在句首。
for 引出的分句,語氣最弱,主要是補(bǔ)充說明原因,解釋另外一個(gè)分句,且只能放在句子后部。
如:I didn't go abroad with her because I couldn't afford it.我沒有和她一起出國是因?yàn)橘M(fèi)用太高。
Since traveling by air is much faster,they decided to take a plane.既然乘飛機(jī)旅行快得多,他們就決定坐飛機(jī)。
As it is snowing,we shall not climb the mountain.由于在下雪,我們就不爬山了。
It must have rained last night,for the ground is wet.昨晚準(zhǔn)下雨了,地面是濕的。
(2)now that, seeing that, considering that, in that表示鑒于,由于。in that只能放在主句之后。
如:Now that you have passed your test,you can drive on your own.你駕駛考試既然已經(jīng)合格,就可以獨(dú)自開車了。
Seeing that the weather is bad,we'll stay at home.由于天氣不好,我們要呆在家了。
I am in a slightly awkward position,in that he‘s not arriving until 10th.我的處境有點(diǎn)難堪,因?yàn)樗柌艁怼?/span>
條件狀語從句
(1)if (如果),unless(除非);unless相當(dāng)于if not.
如:I will buy a computer if I am able to save up enough money. 如果我能存下足夠的錢,我就買臺(tái)電腦。
Unless the weather was bad,my father always used to take a walk in the evening.除非天氣不好,我的父親晚上總是去散步。
(2)suppose/supposing that,provided/providing that(假如)
如:Supposing that it rains,can we play the match indoors?要是下雨,我們在室內(nèi)比賽行嗎?
Iwill agree to go provided that my expenses are paid.假如為我負(fù)擔(dān)費(fèi)用,我就同意去。
讓步狀語從句
although,though引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句,主句不能用 “but”。
如:Although they lack official support,they continue their struggle.他們雖然沒有得到官方的支持,但仍然繼續(xù)奮斗。
as雖然,盡管。引導(dǎo)讓步狀語,常放在作表語、狀語的形容詞、名詞、副詞后面。
如:Strong as you may be,you can not lift it. 盡管你可能很有力氣,你卻無法把他提起來。
Hard as he tried,he was unable to make much progress.他雖然竭盡全力,但是沒有取得多大的進(jìn)步。
目的狀語從句
so that, in order that 。 引導(dǎo)目的狀語從句,從句的謂語常用can,could,may,might,shall,should,will, would等情態(tài)動(dòng)詞。in order that可以位于主句的前面或后面。so that引導(dǎo)的從句只能放在主句之后。
如:They started early so that they might arrive in time.他們早點(diǎn)動(dòng)身,以便準(zhǔn)時(shí)到達(dá)。
In order that they could go around West Lake,they stopped at Hangzhou.為了游覽西湖,他們在杭州停了下來。
結(jié)果狀語從句
(1)so …that;such…that表示“如此……以至于”
so 后面通常接形容詞或副詞。such后面通常為名詞。如果名詞前有many,much等修飾,要用so…that...
such+a/an+adj+單數(shù)名詞+that可以換成so+adj.+a/an+單數(shù)名詞+that
如:There is so little time left that I have to tell you about it later.現(xiàn)在剩下的時(shí)間不多了,我只只好以后再給你講這事。
He told us such a funny story that we all laughed.
He told us so funny a story that we all laughed.
2003年第17小題:
It was ____that a hundred people looked lost in it .
A so a large room B a so large room C such a large room D such large a room
(2)so that“以至于,所以”。引導(dǎo)的結(jié)果狀語從句之前可以有逗號。
如:She phoned me on arrival so that I knew she was safe and sound.她到達(dá)之后給我打了電話,我知道她平安無恙。
注:so that可以引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語從句也可以引導(dǎo)目的狀語從句,除了根據(jù)句意來判斷外,還可以根據(jù)結(jié)構(gòu)形式來判斷。若從句前有逗號,一般為結(jié)果狀語從句。如果從句中有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞,一般則為目的狀語從句。
如:They started out early,so that they did not miss the train.他們早早出發(fā)了,所以沒有誤了火車。(結(jié)果狀語)
They started out early so that they would not miss the train.他們早早出發(fā)是為了不誤火車。(目的狀語)
方式狀語從句
(1)as(正如)引導(dǎo)方式狀語從句
如:She enjoys all kinds of music,as I do.她各種音樂都喜愛,和我一樣。
Why didn't you catch the last bus as I told you to?你怎么不聽我的話趕乘末班公共汽車呢?
注:口語中l(wèi)ike可以用作連詞,當(dāng)作as 使用。
如:Nobody understands him like /as I do. 沒有人能像我這樣理解他。
(2)as if/though(好像)引導(dǎo)方式狀語從句往往用虛擬,表示與事實(shí)相反。
如:They looked at me as if /as though I were mad.他們看著我好像我發(fā)瘋了似的。
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