語態(tài)
語態(tài)分兩種,主動(dòng)和被動(dòng)。這里只討論被動(dòng)。被動(dòng)語態(tài)表現(xiàn)的形式不同。最基本的表現(xiàn)形式是“be+過去分詞(+by)”,其中be有時(shí)態(tài)、人稱和數(shù)的變化,也可以構(gòu)成否定或疑問句;過去分詞作定語在一定的句式中或名詞前也表示被動(dòng)的含義。這類題的出題方式通常是讓考生根據(jù)已給的條件判斷是否應(yīng)該用被動(dòng)語態(tài)。下面通過例子進(jìn)行說明。
例題及說明:
例1:With its expensive furniture and carefully color scheme,the room looked quite luxurious.(2007)
A.choose
B.chose
C.chosen
D.choosing
說明:考查過去分詞作名詞定語,表被動(dòng)。答案:C。這里過去分詞表示被動(dòng)語態(tài):被選的色系?!揪渥哟笠狻堪嘿F的家具加上仔細(xì)挑選的色系,使得這個(gè)房間看起來非常豪華。
例2:The sandwiches by your mother were very delicious.(2006)
A.make
B.making
C.made
D.were made
說明:考查過去分詞表被動(dòng),作后置定語。答案:C。Made過去分詞表被動(dòng)。The sandwiches made by your mother...=The sandwiches that were made by your mother…【句子大意】你媽媽做的三明治非常好吃。
例3:一Have you moved into the new house?
一Not yet.The rooms .(2005)
A.are being painted
B.are painted
C.are painting
D.have been painting
說明:考查被動(dòng)語態(tài)。答案:A。這里表示新房正在被粉刷,并且是現(xiàn)在正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作,所以應(yīng)當(dāng)用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)?!揪渥哟笠狻恳荒惆嵝录伊藛?一還沒有,新房正粉刷著呢。
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